The basic u nit of computer storage is the bit. A bit can contain one of two values, 0 and 1. All other storage in a computer is based on collections of bits. Given enough bits, it is amazing how many things a computer can represent: numbers, letters, images, movies, sounds, documents, and programs, to name a few. A byte is 8 bits, and on most computers it is the smallest convenient chunk of storage. For example, most computers don't have an instruction to move a bit but do have one to move a byte. A less common term is word, which is a given computer architecture's native unit of data. A word is made up of one or more bytes. For example, a computer that has 64-bit registers and 64-bit memory addressing typically has 64-bit (8-byte) words. A computer executes many operations in its native word size rather than a byte at a time.
Computer storage, along with most computer throughput, is generally measured and manipulated in byutes and collections of bytes. A kilobyte, or KB, is 1,024bytes; a megabyte, or MB, is 1,024(2) bytes; a gigabyte, or GB, is 1,024(3) bytes; a terabyte, or TB, is 1,024(4) bytes; a petabyte, or PB, is 1,024(5) bytes. Computer manufactures often round off these numbers and say that a megabyte is 1 million bytes and a gigabyte is 1 billion bytes. Networking measurements are an exceptioni to this general rule; they are given in bits(Because networks move data a bit at a time).
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